Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 ( SOFTSKILL ) Ke - 2

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Examples of the Present Simple

1. The sun sets in the west.
2. We produce lasers for cosmetic surgery.
3. They move into their new home next week.
4. So, I go to Mr. D and say “I deserve a better mark in this class”.
5. Jones stops in mid-court and passes the ball to Schuster.

Forming the Present Simple

Subject	verb	rest of sentence
I / You / We / They	sleep	late on Saturdays
He / She / It	goes	to the beach every weekend

Time Expressions in the Present Simple

The most common time expressions in the present simple are: usually, always, never, on Wednesdays, every Wednesday, twice a week, once a month, in general, every other day.

Time expressions made up of one word are placed between the subject and the verb in positive sentences and questions and between the auxiliary verb and main verb in negative sentences.

1. I always study hard for exams.
2. Do you usually speak to him like that?

Time expressions made up of two or more words are placed either at the beginning or the end of a sentence and usually at the end of questions.

1. Ben goes to football practice every Tuesday.
2. In general, I believe that all people can live in peace.
3. you go to the supermarket every week?

Negative Sentences in the Present Simple Tense

Spelling Tip

When shortening the 3rd person (he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘) does not > doesn’t

When creating negative sentences, we usually use the auxiliary verbs don’t and doesn’t + the base form of the verb.

Note: Save the long forms (do not, and does not) for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.

Subject	auxillery verb	verb in base form	rest of sentence
I / You / We / They	don’t (do not)	eat	late at night
He / She / It	doesn’t (does not)	watch	TV every day

1. I don’t like the food they serve at that restaurant.
2. Jim doesn’t work on Fridays.
3. My friends don’t usually leave so early.
4. I do not want to go with you!

Yes/No Questions in the Present Simple

Punctuation Tip

Always begin a sentence, question and wh-question with a capital letter:
He always does good work.
Do you like me?
What did they bring you?

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Do or Does, then add a subject (the person or thing that does the action) followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Auxiliary Verb	subject	verb in base form	rest of sentence
Do	I / you / we / they	drive	to the city on Mondays
Does	he / she / it	break down	often

1. Do you surf the Internet every day?
2. Does your boss give you positive feedback?
3. Does Jonathan always turn off the lights?
4. Don’t you ever clean your room?

Note: In the Present Simple tense:

1. You may add a one-word time expression, such as ‘always’, ‘usually’, or ‘often’ between the subject and the verb.
2. You may use a negative question with a time expression such as ‘ever’.

Wh-Questions in the Present Simple

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add do or does, then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-Word	Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Verb in Base Form	Rest of Sentence
What	do	I / you / we / they	want
Why	does	he / she / it	shout	at you

1. When do you want to meet me?
2. Why does Beth always complain so much?
3. How much does the ticket cost?
4. Why don’t you ever go on vacation?

Tag Questions in the Present Simple

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed either by using a regular sentence in the present simple and adding don’t or doesn’t and a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.

1. John likes me, doesn’t he?
2. All those girls speak French, don’t they?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Keisha doesn’t speak Spanish, does she
2. Those boys don’t play sports, do they?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Examples – Present Simple

Positive

1. The sun sets in the west.
2. We produce lasers for cosmetic surgery.
3. They move into their new home next week.
4. So, I go to Mr. D and say “I deserve a better mark in this class”.
5. Jones stops in mid-court and passes the ball to Schuster.
6. I always study hard for exams.
7. Do you usually speak to him like that?
8. Ben goes to football practice every Tuesday.
9. In general, I believe that all people can live in peace.
10. Do you go to the supermarket every week?

Negative

1. I don’t like the food they serve at that restaurant.
2. Jim doesn’t work on Fridays.
3. My friends don’t usually leave so early.
4. I do not want to go with you!

Yes/No Questions

1. Do you surf the Internet every day?
2. Does your boss give you positive feedback?
3. Does Jonathan always turn off the lights?
4. Don’t you ever clean your room?

Wh Questions

1. When do you want to meet me?
2. Why does Beth always complain so much?
3. How much does the ticket cost?
4. Why don’t you ever go on vacation?

Tag Questions

1. John likes me, doesn’t he?
2. All those girls speak French, don’t they?
3. Keisha doesn’t speak Spanish, does she?
4. Those boys don’t play sports, do they?

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Subject	A form of be + Verbing (Present Participle)	Rest of Sentence
I	am taking	my final exam tomorrow
He / She / It	is sweeping	the floor at the moment
You / We / They	are giving	me a headache

Contractions in the Present Progressive (Continuous)

In general we contract (or shorten) the subject (the person or thing doing the action), and form of be:

1. I am > I’m – I’m going to the store in about ten minutes.
2. He is > He’s, She is > She’s, It is > It’s – It’s raining cats and dogs.
3. We are > We’re, You are > You’re, They are > They’re – We’re catching the 9:00 flight.

Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis.

1. You are not going out tonight!

When speaking, you should stress the not.

Negatives in the Present Progressive (Continuous)

Spelling Tip

When shortening a form of be and negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)
is not > isn’t
are not > aren’t

The negative in the present progressive tense is created using am not, is not or are not together with the ing form (present participle) of the verb.

Subject	A form of be + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
I	am not working	on that project now
He / She / It	isn’t sleeping	at the moment
You / We / They	aren’t running	in the marathon tomorrow

Note: In general, use these contractions in the negative: isn’t, aren’t. Am not cannot be shortened, but you can say I’m not. Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis.

1. I’m not listening to you.
2. Roger isn’t eating with us tonight.
3. The Smiths aren’t going to France this year. They’re going to Thailand.
4. He is not coming with me dressed like that!

Yes/No Questions in the Present Progressive (Continuous)

To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Am, Is or Are, then choose your subject (the person or thing doing the action), followed by the ing (present participle) form of the verb and then the rest of your question.

A Form of be	Subject	Verbing	Rest of Sentence
Am	I	making	myself clear
Is	he / she / it	shaking	right now
Are	you / we / they	buying	steaks for dinner tomorrow

1. Am I talking too much?
2. Is that your dog barking?
3. Are you participating in the competition next week?

Wh-Questions in the Present Progressive

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add am, is or are, then the subject (a person or thing that is doing the action), followed by the ing ( present participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh Word	A form of be	Subject	Verbing	Rest of Sentence
Who	am	I	meeting	with today
What	is	he / she / it	doing	right now
When	are	you / we / they	choosing	the colors for the room

1. Which route are you taking to the conference this week?
2. Why is she bleeding?
3. Who am I sending to the meeting?

Tag Questions in the Present Progressive

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed by using a positive sentence in the present progressive and adding isn’t or aren’t and a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark. For sentences in the first person (I), use the tag aren’t I?

1. Terry is driving to the post office, isn’t she?
2. All the kids in the class are going on the field trip, aren’t they?
3. I‘m buying tickets for everyone, aren’t I?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Latika‘s not working at IBM anymore, is she?
2. Tomer and Guy aren’t going on the trek to South America, are they?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Examples – Present Progressive (Continuous)

Positive

1. We are discussing the project at the moment.
2. Jim’s leaving for Brussels this evening.
3. Her husband is always complaining about his health.

Contractions

1. I’m going to the store in about ten minutes.
2. It’s raining cats and dogs.
3. We’re catching the 9:00 flight.

Negatives

1. I’m not listening to you.
2. Roger isn’t eating with us tonight.
3. The Smiths aren’t going to France this year. They’re going to Thailand.
4. He is not coming with me dressed like that!

Yes/No Questions

1. Am I talking too much?
2. Is that your dog barking?
3. Are you participating in the competition next week?

Wh-Questions

1. Which route are you taking to the conference this week?
2. Why is she bleeding?
3. Who am I sending to the meeting?

Tag Questions

1. Terry is driving to the post office, isn’t she?
2. All the kids in the class are going on the field trip, aren’t they?
3. I’m buying tickets for everyone, aren’t I?
4. Latika’s not working at IBM anymore, is she?
5. Tomer and Guy aren’t going on the trek to South America, are they?

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m of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Auxiliary Verb	Subject	verb in base form	rest of sentence
Did	I / you / we / they	walk	to the shop yesterday
	he / she / it	sleep	late last Saturday

1. Did you ask Tina to go out with you?
2. Did the employees stay late again last night?
3. Did Rob finish his assignment yesterday?

Wh-Questions in the Past Simple

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add did (or didn’t for a negative question), then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-word	auxiliary verb	subject	verb in base form	rest of sentence
What	did	I / you / we / they he / she / it	sell	the house
Why	didn’t		rescue	me

1. When did you buy that sweater?
2. Why did the computer break down?
3. How long did the train journey take?
4. Why didn’t you tell me about the accident?

Tag Questions in the Past Simple

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed either by using a positive sentence in the past simple and then adding didn’t, a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.

1. John scored a goal, didn’t he?
2. Their dogs barked all night, didn’t they?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Kate didn’t take out the rubbish bin, did she?
2. The girls didn’t copy on the exam, did they?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Examples – Past Simple

Positive

1. I visited a client in London yesterday.
2. She planned the event all by herself.

Negative

1. I didn’t talk to John yesterday.
2. He didn’t steal those ideas from the company.
3. You didn’t show me the photos from the wedding.
4. Ron did not sign the document.

Yes/No Questions

1. Did you ask Tina to go out with you?
2. Did the employees stay late again last night?
3. Did Rob finish his assignment yesterday?

Wh-Questions

1. When did you buy that sweater?
2. Why did the computer break down?
3. How long did the train journey take?
4. Why didn’t you tell me about the accident?

Tag Questions

1. John scored a goal, didn’t he?
2. Their dogs barked all night, didn’t they?
3. Kate didn’t take out the rubbish bin, did she?
4. The girls didn’t copy on the exam, did they?

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The past progressive is formed using was or were and the ing (present participle) form of the verb.

Subject	a form of be + verbing	rest of sentence
I / He / She / It	was finishing	the exam when the bell rang
You / We / They	were paying	the bill while I was waiting to be seated

Negatives in the Past Progressive (Continuous)

Spelling Tip

When shortening the 1st & 3rd person (I, he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)
was not > wasn’t
were not > weren’t

The negative in the past progressive tense is created using was not or were not + the ing (present participle) form of the verb.

Note: In general, use these contractions in the negative: wasn’t, weren’t. Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis.

Subject	a form of be + verbing	rest of sentence
I /He / She / It	wasn’t crying	when you came home
You / We / They	weren’t hiking	there when the earthquake hit

1. I wasn’t sleeping when you came home last night.
2. When Ms. Foster came in, the girls weren’t studying.
3. Sam wasn’t lying when he said he loved you.

Yes/No Questions in the Past Progressive (Continuous)

To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Was or Were, (Wasn’t or Weren’t for a negative question) then choose your subject (the person or thing doing the action), followed by the ing (present participle) form of the verb and then the rest of your question.

A form of Be	subject	verbing	rest of sentence
Was	I	walking	too fast
Was	he / she / it	shouting	while you were trying to sleep
Were	you / we / they	waiting	for her when the plane landed

1. Was I talking to you?
2. Were you writing the report when the electricity went off?
3. When you came home, was he singing in the shower?
4. Wasn’t Tom sitting in the cafe when you drove past?

Wh-Questions in the Past Progressive (Continuous)

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, and how.

To create a wh-question, start with the Wh-word, then was or were (wasn’t or weren’t for a negative question), then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the ing (participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh Word	a form of be	subject	verbing	rest of sentence
Who	was	I	talking	to
What	was	he / she / it	doing
When	were	you / we / they	planning	on telling me the bad news

1. Where were you standing when the trouble started?
2. Who was I talking to? I can’t remember.
3. Why wasn’t she waiting at the meeting point?

Tag Questions in the Past Progressive (Continuous)

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed by using a positive sentence in the past progressive and adding wasn’t or weren’t and a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.

1. I was snoring last night, wasn’t I?
2. They were all rushing for the exit, weren’t they?
3. When Mr. Thomas called, David was solving crossword puzzles, wasn’t he?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Jennifer wasn’t trying very hard, was she?
2. The trains weren’t running on schedule yesterday, were they?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Examples Past Progressive (Continuous)

Positive

1. He was writing an e-mail when the phone rang.
2. When the phone rang, he was writing an e-mail.
3. While he was writing an e-mail, the phone rang.
4. I was preparing dinner while Melanie was working upstairs.
5. While Melanie was working upstairs, I was preparing dinner.

Negative

1. I wasn’t sleeping when you came home last night.
2. When Ms. Foster came in, the girls weren’t studying.
3. Sam wasn’t lying when he said he loved you.

Yes/No Questions

1. Was I talking to you?
2. Were you writing the report when the electricity went off?
3. When you came home, was he singing in the shower?
4. Wasn’t Tom sitting in the cafe when you drove past?

Wh-Questions

1. Where were you standing when the trouble started?
2. Who was I talking to? I can’t remember.
3. Why wasn’t she waiting at the meeting point?

Tag Questions

1. I was snoring last night, wasn’t I?
2. They were all rushing for the exit, weren’t they?
3. When Mr. Thomas called, David was solving crossword puzzles, wasn’t he?
4. Jennifer wasn’t trying very hard, was she?
5. The trains weren’t running on schedule yesterday, were they?

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